一、Overview
As an extremely important and widely used equipment in the modern environmental protection field, the activated carbon adsorption box plays a crucial role in purifying air, treating waste gas, improving water quality and many other aspects. Its core function is to efficiently remove various pollutants in gases or liquids by utilizing the unique physical and chemical properties of activated carbon, so it has many names such as dust removal device and activated carbon filtration device.
In terms of the breadth of application scenarios, it can be found everywhere. In the industrial field, a large amount of waste gas is generated during the production processes of various factories. For example, in the chemical industry, there is complex organic waste gas; in the pharmaceutical industry, there is waste gas with odors and volatile components; in the metallurgy industry, there is waste gas containing dust and harmful gases; in the coating industry, there is waste gas rich in organic solvents. The activated carbon adsorption box can be a powerful helper in dealing with these waste gases, helping enterprises meet environmental protection emission standards and reducing the adverse impact on the surrounding environment. Meanwhile, in terms of municipal facilities, for example, the pungent odor gas generated by garbage incineration plants and the gas with odors and harmful chemical substances emitted by sewage treatment plants can also be effectively purified by the activated carbon adsorption box to improve the living environment of surrounding residents.
In the field of indoor air purification closely related to people's daily lives, whether in densely populated public places such as schools, hospitals, shopping malls, office buildings, or in warm family residential environments, the activated carbon adsorption box can be installed in the ventilation system or directly placed indoors to remove harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, TVOCs (total volatile organic compounds) that are harmful to human health in the air as well as various odors.
二、Working Principle
The working principle of the activated carbon adsorption box is based on the physical and chemical properties of activated carbon. Activated carbon has a highly developed pore structure and a huge specific surface area. The specific surface area of each gram of activated carbon can reach 500 - 1700 square meters. These pores include micropores, mesopores and macropores, providing abundant adsorption sites for the adsorption process. When the gas containing pollutants passes through the activated carbon adsorption box, the adsorption process mainly proceeds through two ways: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.
Physical Adsorption: It is based on van der Waals forces, that is, the intermolecular attraction. The micropores on the surface of activated carbon have a strong attraction to gas molecules, so that pollutant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the pores. This process is reversible and is greatly affected by temperature and pressure. The physical adsorption ability is stronger under low temperature and high pressure. For example, common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene and toluene will be "captured" by the capillary action of activated carbon and adsorbed in the pores when passing through the activated carbon adsorption box.
Chemical Adsorption: Activated carbon can have a chemical adsorption effect with some pollutants. Some pollutants with specific chemical properties, such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), will have a chemical reaction with the active sites on the surface of activated carbon to form stable compounds. This process is irreversible. Usually, special methods such as high-temperature thermal regeneration (at a high temperature of about 300 °C) are needed to desorb the adsorbed pollutants and restore the adsorption capacity of activated carbon.
三、Performance Characteristics
High Adsorption Capacity: It has excellent adsorption capacity for a variety of pollutants. For most volatile organic compounds, odor gases and some acidic and alkaline gases, the purification efficiency can reach more than 90%, and under ideal conditions, it can reach more than 95%. It can quickly and effectively remove harmful substances in the air to ensure that waste gas emissions meet environmental protection standards.
Wide Applicability: It can handle waste gas with complex components. Whether it is waste gas with a single component or a mixture of multiple pollutants, it can play a good purification effect. It is applicable to waste gas treatment in different industries such as chemical engineering, coating, pharmaceutical, printing, electronics, food processing, and also in the field of indoor air purification. It can effectively remove harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene and TVOCs.
Easy to Maintain and Replace: The purification unit generally adopts a split drawer-type structure. The activated carbon layer can be easily pulled out for inspection, maintenance and replacement. When the activated carbon is saturated and its adsorption capacity decreases, the performance of the adsorption box can be restored by regeneration or directly replacing with new activated carbon. The filter screen of the pre-filtration device is also easy to clean and replace, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system.
Relatively Low Operating Cost: Compared with some complex waste gas treatment equipment, the operating cost is relatively low. It does not require complicated operations and high energy consumption. Only regular inspection and maintenance are needed, and the saturated activated carbon should be replaced in time. The price of activated carbon is relatively stable and has a wide range of sources, which reduces the operating cost to a certain extent. By reasonably designing the structure and parameters of the adsorption box, the utilization rate of activated carbon can be improved and the cost can be further reduced.
四、Structure Composition
Box Body: It is the outer shell of the activated carbon adsorption box, which plays a role in protecting the internal structure and accommodating activated carbon. It is usually made of solid materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic to ensure sufficient strength and corrosion resistance under different working environments. Its shape and size can be customized according to the actual application scenarios and treatment requirements.
Activated Carbon Layer: It is the core part of the adsorption box. Activated carbon can be filled in the box body in the form of granules or honeycomb. Granular activated carbon has a high adsorption capacity, but the resistance is large when gas passes through; honeycomb activated carbon has a low resistance, which can make the gas pass through more evenly, improve the adsorption efficiency and is convenient for installation and replacement. When choosing activated carbon, parameters such as the type, pore size distribution and specific surface area of activated carbon should be comprehensively considered according to factors such as the composition, concentration and temperature of waste gas.
Air Inlet and Outlet: The air inlet is located at one end of the adsorption box and is used to introduce the waste gas to be treated into the box body; the air outlet is located at the other end, and the gas purified by activated carbon adsorption is discharged from here. The design should ensure that the waste gas is evenly distributed in the activated carbon layer to avoid air flow short circuit or excessive local flow rate, so as to give full play to the adsorption effect of activated carbon. Usually, valves and pipeline connection devices will also be installed at the air inlet and outlet to facilitate connection with the waste gas source and subsequent treatment equipment.
Pre-filtration Device: In order to protect the activated carbon layer and prolong its service life, a pre-filtration device is generally set at the air inlet, which can remove large particle impurities, dust and particulate matter in the waste gas to prevent clogging the pores of activated carbon and affecting the adsorption effect. Common pre-filtration devices include wire mesh filters, cloth bag filters, etc., and the filtering precision can be selected according to the specific situation of waste gas.
五、Application Cases
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries: During the production processes of chemical and pharmaceutical industries, a large amount of waste gas containing organic solvents, harmful gases and odors is generated. The activated carbon adsorption box can effectively remove volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene, alcohols and ketones in the waste gas, as well as irritating odor gases, ensuring that waste gas emissions meet environmental protection requirements, improving the working environment of production workshops and protecting the health of employees.
Coating and Printing Industries: A large amount of volatile organic compounds are emitted during the operations of coating, ink and printing. These organic gases are harmful to human body and pollute the atmospheric environment. The activated carbon adsorption box can efficiently capture and remove these harmful gases through the principle of physical adsorption, which is an important technical means to achieve green printing and environmental protection coating, helping to reduce the harm of volatile organic compounds to the environment and human body.
Electronic Manufacturing Industry: During the production of semiconductors, circuit boards and other products in the electronic manufacturing industry, a variety of chemicals are used, and harmful waste gas containing halogens, acidic gases and other substances is generated. The activated carbon adsorption box can specifically adsorb these harmful substances, reduce the pollution of waste gas to the environment, and at the same time protect precision electronic equipment from being corroded by corrosive gases, ensuring the safety of the production process and the quality of products.
Indoor Air Purification: In commercial places such as offices, shopping malls, hotels and residential buildings, the activated carbon adsorption box can be installed in the ventilation system or placed indoors to continuously purify the indoor air, remove harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, xylene and odors, and provide people with a fresh and healthy working and living environment.
六、Summary
In conclusion, the activated carbon adsorption box shows strong advantages in the purification treatment of pollutants in multiple fields by virtue of its unique working principle, excellent performance characteristics and reasonable structural design. It can not only efficiently adsorb and remove various harmful pollutants to ensure the quality of air and water, but also has the advantages of being easy to maintain and having a low operating cost, so that it can be widely and effectively applied in both industrial production and daily life scenarios, providing strong support for environmental protection and people's healthy life. With the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements and the continuous development and progress of technology, the activated carbon adsorption box is expected to continue to play an important role in the future and continuously optimize and upgrade to better meet the diverse purification needs.
